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        星际物质，就是分布在星际空间的物质，但是它并不仅仅包括物质，还包括了星际气体、尘埃、宇宙线以及星际磁场。星际物质在整个

银河系里面所占有的质量比重是不高的，大约是恒星质量的10%，但是它所占有的体积远远地超过恒星，在星际物质里气体大约占99%，而尘

埃是占1%。根据对星际物质的观测研究发现，它们主要分布在银道面附近1000光年内的范围里。

Interstellar matter is the matter distributed in interstellar space, but it includes not only matter, but also interstellar gas, dust, cosmic rays and

 interstellar magnetic field. The mass proportion of interstellar matter in the whole galaxy is not high, about 10% of the mass of stars, but its

 volume is far larger than that of stars. In interstellar matter, gas accounts for about 99%, while dust accounts for 1%. According to the

 observation of interstellar matter, it is found that they are mainly distributed within 1000 light years near galactic plane.
    
          星际气体，主要是由氢元素构成的，根据氢元素所处的环境不同，氢的组成方式也是不一样的，既有原子形式的氢，也有离子形式的氢

和分子形式的氢，并且它们在空间的分布是很不均匀的。

Interstellar gas is mainly composed of hydrogen. According to the different environment of hydrogen, the composition of hydrogen is different.

There are atomic hydrogen, ionic hydrogen and molecular hydrogen, and their distribution in space is very uneven.


         氢离子，存在意味着氢原子里的电子已经电离了，逃脱了原子核的束缚，之所以电子能够离开原子核，是因为它所处的温度比较高，或者

它受到了外界的影响，最主要的原因是在原先中性氢的气体里或者在它的附近有年轻的大质量恒星，这些恒星通常是高温的，所以它们所产生

的辐射携带的能量是非常高的，一般是在紫外波段。

The existence of hydrogen ion means that the electrons in the hydrogen atom have been ionized and escaped the shackles of the nucleus. The

reason why the electrons can leave the nucleus is that it is at a high temperature or it is influenced by the outside world. The main reason is that

there are young massive stars in the original neutral hydrogen gas or near it. These stars are usually at high temperature, so the energy carried

by the radiation they generate is very high, usually in the ultraviolet band.
　

        尘埃，虽然在星际物质里占有1%的质啊，但是它的作用却非常大，原子要结合变成分子所需要的媒介就是尘埃的颗粒，所以尘埃往往和分

子是结合在一起的。研究尘埃也是通过它对于外界的辐射影响和它自身的辐射两方面来入手的，下面的两张图就展示了“蛇夫星云”这个天区光

学波段和红外波段的观测图像，光学波段看到中心出现了一个形状不规则的黑色区域，这个区域并不是真的没有恒星，而是在它的前方有一个

气体云，这个气体云里面包含了大量的尘埃，尘埃物质吸收阻挡了背后恒星的辐射，所以没法看到背后恒星的辐射，但是尘埃受到恒星星光的

照射之后，它们自身的温度会升高，所以会产生“再辐射”，这个“再辐射”并不是在光学波段，而是在红外波段，所以用红外望远镜去观测同样

天区，就会看到来自于这一片区域的尘埃颗粒所产生的辐射。

 Although dust accounts for 1% of the mass in interstellar matter, it plays a very important role. The medium needed for atoms to combine into

molecules is dust particles, so dust is often combined with molecules.Dust is also studied through its radiation influence on the outside world

and its own radiation. The following two pictures show the observation images of the "Snake Nebula" in the optical and infrared bands. In the

optical band, an irregularly shaped black area appears in the center. This area is not really devoid of stars, but there is a gas cloud in front of it,

which contains a lot of dust. The absorption of dust blocks the radiation of the stars behind it, so it is impossible to see the radiation of the stars

behind it. However, after the dust is irradiated by the starlight of the stars, their own temperature will rise, so "re-radiation" will be produced.

 This "re-radiation" is not in the optical band, but in the infrared band. Therefore, if you use an infrared telescope to observe the same sky area,

 you will see the radiation produced by dust particles from this area.